The Role of Reclaimed Water in Urban Flood Management: Public Perception and Acceptance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water management is a significant issue for Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, due to rapid urbanization, a lack of freshwater sources, and inadequate infrastructure. In order to solve the dual issues of urban flood risks and water scarcity that the city faces due to rapid population growth and restricted freshwater supply, our research explores the implementation of reclaimed water systems in Kathmandu, Nepal. This study collects respondents from 400 residents of Kathmandu using a systematic survey. It investigates their attitudes, preparedness, and concerns about using recovered water for home and municipal purposes. The outcomes indicate a high level of public knowledge, with a significant percentage (about 80%) acknowledging the value of recycled water. Nevertheless, only around one-third of respondents are amenable to home usage of such systems for drinkable purposes, primarily because of worries about the health and safety of the water. The study also finds that the acceptability of reclaimed water consumption positively correlates with higher educational attainment, which is essential information for policymakers concerned with urban sustainability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".