LOCATIONAL AND ORIENTATION VARIATION IN VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF A CORTICAL BONE UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bone behaves as a complex composite material, and is highly heterogenous and anisotropic in nature due to its hierarchical structure. The effect of the location and orientation of bone specimens on the viscoelastic properties of bovine femoral cortical bone was examined in this study. The bone samples were extracted from different locations i.e., proximal, central and distal along the direction of longitudinal and transverse and underwent sinusoidal loading. The longitudinal orientation shows more values of loss tangent and loss modulus in comparison to transverse orientation bone samples. Across locations reveal no significant difference in the storage modulus, loss tangent, loss modulus and complex modulus. The trends in the complex and storage moduli remain consistent within both types of orientations. Significant differences were observed across the locations for both storage and recovered energy, with no variance in the hysteresis loss. The findings from the study shall help in a deep understanding of the bone biomechanics, offering insights for material design and orthopedic interventions in biomechanical engineering.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it