Spiral arm, rotating structure, and outflow cavity in massive star-forming region G23.43−0.18
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT We confirmed the existence of a massive protocluster in G23.43−0.18 from our Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm continuum and molecular line observations. We resolved the region into one main massive protostellar object, G23.43−0.18 A, one intermediate mass protostellar object, G23.43−0.18 B, and three low mass objects, G23.43−0.18 C1, G23.43–0.18 C2, and G23.43−0.18 C3. A spiral arm structure is observed in G23.43−0.18 B. G23.43−0.18 A 1.3 mm dust continuum emission showed a ‘butterfly’ morphology with clear evidence of the existence of a cavity and bipolar outflow with an inclination angle of 50$^\circ$. G23.43−0.18 B presents a compact rotating structure, and possibly an inner Keplerian disc, traced with methanol lines and powers a jet revealed by multiple compact emission peaks in CO, indicating episodic ejections every 300 yr. The presence of 6.7 GHz methanol masers in G23.43−0.18 A and G23.43−0.18 B are strong indications that both objects host massive protostars and are good sites to test some theories of the early evolutionary phases of massive stars.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".