Comparative efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide therapy (Tianox device) in mild cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are the most common causes of cognitive impairment (CI). The development of dementia is preceded by mild CI (MCI) over several years. Objective : to investigat the effect of inhaled nitric oxide therapy on cognitive function (CF) in patients with MCI due to CVD and NDD. Material and methods. The study included 94 patients (25 men and 69 women aged 50 to 76 years, mean age 65.3±8.9 years) with MCI due to CVD and/or NDD of the brain. The patients were randomized into two groups: the main group (therapy) and the control group. The control group comprised 22 patients with MCI (5 men and 17 women aged 50 to 76 years, mean age 62.3±8.5 years) who received standard therapy (antihypertensive, antithrombotic and other agents). The main group comprised 72 patients (20 men and 52 women aged 50 to 76 years, mean age 66.2±8.0 years) who additionally inhaled a nitric oxide-enriched air mixture for 30 minutes daily using the Tianox device. Each patient had from 7 to 10 inhalation sessions (the first trial session lasted 20 minutes, the following sessions 30 minutes). Neuropsychological tests, emotional state and sleep quality were examined at the beginning and 3 and 6 months after the end of treatment. Results. In the main group, after 3 and 6 months, a significant (p<0.05) improvement in CF was found according the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-test), Frontal Assessment Battery, the Digit Forward and Backward Span Test, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, the Munsterberg Test, the Literal Association Test and the 12-word Delayed Free Recall Test. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in anxiety and depression according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Spielberger Anxiety Scale as well as an improvement in sleep quality according to the Insomnia Severity Index were also observed. The therapy was well tolerated, and no serious adverse events occurred. No significant improvement in CF, emotional state or sleep was observed in the control group. Conclusion . Brief therapy (7–10 sessions) with inhaled nitric oxide improves the CF and emotional state of patients with MCI on a background of CVD and NDD. Further studies on inhaled nitric oxide therapy in patients with MCI in a multicenter randomized trial with sham treatment are needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".