Bioprospecting secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties from soil bacteria in high-temperature ecosystems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The ongoing emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogens necessitate urgent solutions. Natural products from bacterial sources are recognized as a promising source of antibiotics. This study aimed to isolate and characterize soil microorganisms from extremely hot environments and to screen their secondary metabolites for antibacterial activity. METHODS: Bacterial isolates were identified using standard culture techniques. Primary and secondary screenings for antimicrobial activity were conducted using the Modified Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test against five bacterial species. Based on the efficacy of antimicrobial activity against these target pathogens, the isolate Pseudomonas sp. strain ASTU00105 was selected for further characterization through whole genomic sequencing. Secondary metabolites were analyzed using GC-MS, and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 76 isolates were identified, and their secondary metabolites were tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Candida albicans. Seventeen isolates (22.37%) exhibited antimicrobial activity. Isolate ASTU00105 exhibited the highest activity against all the test organisms and was selected for further analysis. Whole-genome sequencing using the Nanopore MinION sequencer revealed that strain ASTU00105 belonged to the genus Pseudomonas with the highest similarity (95.97%) to Pseudomonas stutzeri, and designated as Pseudomonas sp. strain ASTU00105. Upon Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) analysis, the strain exhibited 87.81% sequence similarity with genes of the closest type strain, suggesting its novelty and distinctiveness within the Pseudomonas genus. The genomic analysis of the isolated strain revealed 6 biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) genes dispersed throughout the entire genome, which are implicated in the synthesis of antimicrobial secondary metabolites. The major chemical compounds detected in the EtAc extracts as detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were phenol, 2,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) (36.6%), followed by 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester (12.22%), Eicosane (9.71%), Dibutyl phthalate (3.93%), and 1-Dodecanol (2.34%). IN CONCLUSION: Pseudomonas sp. strain ASTU00105 exhibited the greatest potential for producing secondary metabolites with significant antimicrobial activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".