Cytokinesis-dependent twisting of HMR-1/Cadherin regulates the first left-right symmetry-breaking event in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Diverse mechanisms for establishing cellular- and organismal-level left-right (L-R) asymmetry emerged during the evolution of bilateral animals, including cilia-based and actomyosin-dependent mechanisms. In pond snails and Caenorhabditis elegans , cell division plays a critical role in regulating both levels of L-R asymmetries. However, the precise mechanism by which cell division breaks cellular-level L-R symmetry remains elusive. Here, we show that cytokinesis-induced cortical flow twists the cell-cell adhesion pattern, which in turn controls the L-R asymmetrical constriction of the contractile ring, thereby breaking the first L-R body symmetry in C. elegans . During the second mitosis of C. elegans embryos, we discovered the twisting of the HMR-1/cadherin patch at the cell-cell contact site. The HMR-1 patch twisting occurs within a few minutes upon cytokinesis onset, with individual cadherin foci within the patch exhibits directional flow and coalescence. This cell type exhibits chiral cortical flow, characterized by counter-rotational surface flows in the two halves of the dividing cell. We found that this chiral cortical flow plays a critical role in regulating HMR-1 patch twisting by inducing cadherin flow. As the HMR-1 patch twists, the contractile ring preferentially associates with HMR-1 on the right side of the embryo. We demonstrate that HMR-1 patch twisting regulates the L-R asymmetric ring closure. This study uncovers an interplay between three fundamental cellular processes—cell-cell adhesion, cytokinesis, and cell polarity— mediated by cadherin flow, shedding light on cadherin flow’s role in cellular patterning during development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".