Overexpressed Palladin Rescues Enteropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (<scp>EPEC</scp>) Pedestal Lengths in <scp>ArpC2</scp> Depleted Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) causes diarrheal disease. Once ingested, these extracellular pathogens attach to the intestinal epithelial cells of their host, collapse the localized microvilli, and generate actin‐rich structures within the host cells that are located beneath the attached bacteria, called “pedestals.” Palladin is an actin‐associated protein that cross‐links and stabilizes actin filaments. This protein also acts as a scaffolding protein for other actin‐binding proteins. Here, we examine the role of Palladin during EPEC infections and show that Palladin is co‐opted by EPEC. Depletion of Palladin resulted in shorter pedestals, and when Palladin containing mutations in either its actin‐ or VASP‐binding domains were overexpressed in cells, pedestals decreased in length. Importantly, we show that the overexpression of Palladin in ArpC2 −/− (Arp2/3 complex–depleted) cells rescued pedestal length. Together, our results demonstrate that Palladin has the ability to rescue pedestal length during EPEC infections when the function of the Arp2/3 complex is diminished.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".