Exploring the impact of CO2 sequestration on plastic properties, mechanical performance, and microstructure of concrete
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In view of global warming, carbon sequestration techniques are being employed across the globe to minimize the damaging effects of greenhouse gases on the environment. Studies have revealed that adding CO 2 during the mixing or curing stage of concrete enhances its mechanical properties and long-term durability. This study aims to examine the effect of CO 2 addition during the mixing stage on the plastic, mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete. Various CO 2 dosages, ranging from 0.1 to 1%, were injected during mixing to analyze the plastic and hardened properties of concrete. CO 2 primarily reacts with calcium hydroxide in concrete to form calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), thereby densifying its microstructure and improving its compressive strength by 10–20%. An optimum strength of up to 20% was achieved with 0.75% dosage. Additionally, the results show a 5–10% improvement in flexural and split tensile strength with CO 2 addition over the control mix, with 0.75% dosage yielding optimal strength. Semi-adiabatic calorimetry test on early hydrating concrete shows a 14% peak temperature rise at 0.75% CO 2 dosage compared to control concrete, indicating enhanced early-age strength development. Thermal Pyrolysis tests, microscopy and infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of CaCO 3 , thereby confirming the carbonation process. However, CO 2 dosages above 0.5% by weight of cement resulted in a drop in the workability of concrete in the plastic stage. This research attempts to create a simplified CO 2 sequestration process in concrete, develop a predictive model to estimate the compressive strength and utilize material characterization techniques to identify the mineralization process. Highlights Injecting CO 2 into fresh concrete improves its strength and lowers its environmental impact. A multiple linear regression model predicts the compressive strength of CO 2 -injected concrete. Semi-adiabatic calorimetry shows that CO 2 injection speeds up early hydration. Thermal Pyrolysis detects mass loss stages linked to dehydration and calcite breakdown. Microscopy and spectroscopy indicate CaCO 3 crystal formation in CO 2 -sequestered concrete.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".