Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This article explores the role of gifts in embassies to Russia in the Muscovite period, primarily in the seventeenth century. While acknowledging the importance of the ambassadorial gift presented at court in signaling honor, respect, status, and friendship between sovereigns, it shifts attention to the less glamorous, but recurring shows of goodwill and liberality evident in an ambassador’s many interactions with the tsar’s subjects, officials, and courtiers as he travelled to his destination. Pulling together scattered references to such gifts from a variety of Russian and foreign sources, the article discusses how these lesser gestures of generosity functioned within shared diplomatic conventions of the early modern era relating to gift-exchange. The discussion highlights the intertwined function of hospitality, reciprocity, sociability, the ranking of social hierarchies, and public display in the dynamic of non-ritualized diplomatic giving. It also brings into focus the role of the ambassador’s road as an ongoing site of gift exchange and of knowledge acquisition pertinent to an embassy’s tasks, including that of largesse.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".