Dynamics of thermal tolerance plasticity across fish species and life stages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Climate warming with associated heat waves presents a concerning challenge for ectotherms such as fishes. During heatwaves, the ability to rapidly acclimate can be crucial for survival. However, surprisingly little is known about how different species and life stages vary in their acclimation dynamics, including the magnitude of change in thermal tolerance through acclimation (i.e. acclimation capacity; also known as the acclimation response ratio, ARR), the duration needed for the novel acclimation temperature to significantly alter thermal tolerance from the initial level (which we term the response induction time, t induction ), or the duration needed to achieve the new acclimation steady state (which we term the time to full acclimation, t steady ). To shed light on this knowledge gap, we studied the acclimation dynamics of three wild-caught fishes (goldsinny wrasse, three-spined stickleback and European flounder) by assessing upper thermal tolerance (CT max ) after different periods of time acclimating to a warmed environment. We also measured both CT max and lower thermal tolerance (CT min ) in juvenile and adult lab-bred zebrafish acclimated to a warmed environment. Upper thermal tolerance of zebrafish and sticklebacks significantly increased after a 3 h exposure to a warm treatment, while t induction took six and 24 h in the wrasse and flounder, respectively. Goldsinny wrasse had the highest ARR, and did not reach full acclimation of CT max within the duration of the study (10 days). All other species fully acclimated within 4–10 days. Juvenile zebrafish showed similar acclimation dynamics to adults for both upper and lower thermal tolerance, but had a higher CT min for all acclimation durations. Our results demonstrate that acclimation dynamics of thermal tolerance vary across species, but can be similar between life stages within species. Understanding species-specific thermal plasticity is important for accurately modeling the projected impacts of climate change. • We compared the acclimation dynamics of four fish species and two zebrafish life stages. • We found large differences in acclimation dynamics among species, but not life stages. • Flounders, sticklebacks and zebrafish reached full acclimation within 4–10 days. • Sticklebacks and zebrafish increased their CT max after 3 h of warm acclimation. • Our results help to better understand how species react to extreme weather events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".