La propriété des employeurs du Québec, 2023 :la place des francophones
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ce texte présente des résultats inédits pour 2023 sur la part de l’emploi au Québec, privé et public, associée à trois groupes de propriété, soit les non-Canadiens (étrangers), les Canadiens non francophones ( allophone et anglophone) et les Canadiens francophones .Ces résultats sont obtenus en utilisant diverses sources d’information telles le Registre des Entreprises du Québec, le journal Les Affaires et des données de Statistique-Canada sur l’emploi par secteur, ceci fait, on compare les résultats de 2023 à ceux d’ études antérieures portant sur la période 1961-2003. En 2023, nous constatons que 73 % de l’emploi au Québec est au sein d’employeurs sous contrôle canadien francophone; en 1961, cette part était de 47 % . Le contrôle canadien non francophone (20 % en 2023,39 % en 1961) et le contrôle étranger ( 7 % en 2023,14 % en 1961) ont tous deux chuté de moitié sur la période 1961-2023.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".