A Low-Cost Markerless motion capture system to automate Functional Gait Assessment: Feasibility Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Functional gait assessments in older adults have traditionally required manual in-person quantification of clinical measures such as walking speed and step placement. This reliance on individuals trained in motion analysis hinders the frequency with which they are performed and reduces their generalizability and replicability. To standardize, simplify, and broaden access to gait assessments we here deploy recently-developed open-source tools to produce a low-cost, AI driven markerless motion capture system with custom analysis software for Functional Gait Assessment. Our system uses 3 Cameras and was validated with a traditional marker-based system on subjects (N = 3), showing strong correlation to laboratory-standard measures of step length (R2 = 0.98), step width (R2 = 0.97), and head speed (R2 = 0.95). The markerless system's FGA reports demonstrated data similar to previous FGA findings in older adult subjects (N = 5). Moreover, supplemental standard biomechanical gait measures Step Width, walking Duration, and continuous Gait Speed may be integrated to augment existing FGA. This study demonstrates a proof-of-principle open-source markerless system for analyses of functional gait.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".