Unravelling the pain trajectory in chronic low back pain patients during a physical exercise training program
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ObjectivePhysical exercise can transiently decrease pain intensity within a single session and improve physical capacities while reducing pain over a training program.However, pain trajectory throughout a concurrent physical training program remains unknown.This study aimed to model pain trajectory during a training program including both aerobic and resistance exercises, considering both acute (within-session) and chronic (across-program) effects of physical exercise. Design Prospective observational study MethodParticipants completed a 14-week training program (42 sessions; n = 28) or were assigned to a waiting list (n = 29).In the exercise group, low back pain intensity was measured before and after each training session.Pain intensity averaged over the last week was measured before and after the 14-week period in both groups.Linear mixed-effects modelling was performed to describe the pain trajectory. ResultsPain intensity averaged over the last week decreased only in the exercise group (exercise: 4.9 ± 0.3 vs 2.5 ± 0.3; control: 5.6 ± 0.3 vs 5.3 ± 0.3).Pain trajectory was characterized by a linear and a quadratic term (p's < 0.001), suggesting pain reduction decelerated as the program progressed.Pain intensity decreased after each training session (p < 0.001) with this effect remaining constant throughout the program (nonsignificant interactions, p's > 0.585). ConclusionsPain decreases more markedly during the initial weeks of the program.Acute exercise-induced hypoalgesia persisted throughout the program, suggesting patients may use physical exercise to manage pain flare-ups even after several weeks of training. 242/250 words 3/29Keywords: chronic pain, exercise therapy, resistance training, high-intensity interval training, exerciseinduced hypoalgesia, concurrent training sizes of physical exercise interventions for CLBP are typically small to moderate [4].This limitation suggests that current training programs either are too short to realize the full potential of physical exercise, or that there is an inherent limit to its effectiveness.If the latter is true, we might expect a non-linear pain reduction trajectory, where pain decreases more rapidly initially, then gradually slows down until reaching a plateau.The primary aim of this study was to explore the trajectory of low back pain intensity during a physical training program including both aerobic and resistance exercises.A second aim was to test whether acute exercise-induced hypoalgesia was maintained throughout the training program.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".