Morphology features of β-Ga2O3 bulk crystals by EFG and CZ methods: A review
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-quality crystals commonly exhibit regular morphology features and symmetries related to their crystal structures. The recognition of morphology features, especially on the shoulder morphology, will provide crucial guidance for the crystal growth and quality control. Here, the morphology features of β -Ga 2 O 3 bulk crystals were discussed from three aspects of growth technology, orientation of seed crystal as well as pulling and rotation rates. Combined with the theoretical morphology of β -Ga 2 O 3 crystal, the morphology features of β -Ga 2 O 3 bulk crystals under different growth conditions were illuminated and summarized. The hexagonal seed crystal was also demonstrated, and more suitable for the growth of β -Ga 2 O 3 bulk crystals with different principle surfaces by EFG method. The first review in the morphology features will become an important reference for future research on the growth of β -Ga 2 O 3 bulk crystals.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it