Ciprofloxacin-Induced Encephalopathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FLQs) are commonly prescribed for infections in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. Though typically well-tolerated, FLQs have been associated with central nervous system adverse effects, especially in older adults and those who metabolize medications at suboptimal rates. Rarely, these drugs can cause serious neurotoxic manifestations, such as seizures, psychosis, or encephalopathy. Although new quinolone derivatives like levofloxacin are most associated with neurotoxic side effects, we show that these unwanted side effects can occur with ciprofloxacin as well. Clinicians should be aware of the neurotoxic side effects of FLQs and its predisposing risk factors, as this is a commonly prescribed class of medication. We aim to contribute to the limited body of literature describing neurotoxic clinical manifestations of FLQs. Herein, we present a case of an 88-year-old male with underlying dementia who presented to the emergency department for evaluation of acute encephalopathy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".