A tale of two shrimps – Speciation and demography of two sympatric shrimp species from hydrothermal vents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hydrothermal vents can serve as natural laboratories to study speciation processes due to their fragmented distribution often with geographic barriers between habitats. Two sympatric species of Rimicaris shrimps occur at vents on the Izu-Bonin-Mariana volcanic arc: Rimicaris loihi also occurs near Hawai’i and R. cambonae is present on the Tonga Arc. These two species biogeographically co-occur and are genetically similar, raising questions about their speciation mechanism, how they maintain distinct species, and whether interbreeding occurs. Here, we use barcoding and shotgun sequencing to test their genetic isolation and investigate their speciation process. We also evaluate population demography over 10 years to assess population densities and sex ratios at vents. Our results support R. cambonae and R. loihi as two distinct species despite sympatry throughout part of their range. We also observed regional-scale genetic structure among R. loihi populations from the Izu-Bonin-Mariana volcanic arc despite their broad geographic distribution. Finally, we found concomitant variations of shrimp densities and genetic diversity following fluctuations in geological and venting activities over a decade. A combination of geological instability, ocean currents dynamics and sea-level changes might drive temporary isolation among these local populations. We suggest similar factors, with longer isolation periods, may also have promoted speciation between the two Rimicaris species whereas distinct life-history traits could strengthen and maintain reproductive barriers. Overall, our results indicate different connectivity patterns on a volcanic arc that contrast with those observed previously at vents from mid-ocean ridges or back-arc basins systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".