Potential effects of probiotics on atherosclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rising global incidence of atherosclerosis (AS) highlights the inadequacies in our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of the disease. Increasing evidence outlines the importance of the intestinal microbiome in AS, wherein gut-derived uremic toxins (GDUTs) may be of concern. Plasma levels of the GDUTs trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO), p -cresyl sulfate, and indoxyl sulfate are associated with accelerated renal function decline and increased cardiovascular risk. Thus, reducing the amount of GDUTs in circulation is expected to benefit patients with AS. Because some beneficial bacteria can clear GDUTs in vitro and in vivo , orally administered probiotics targeting the intestinal tract represent a promising way to bring about these changes. As such, this perspective reviews the potential use of probiotics to treat AS, particularly in patients with non-traditional risk factors and/or impaired renal function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".