Association of prospective memory and social wellbeing in midlife to old age in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability to remember future actions (prospective memory) is an important determinant of daily functioning in older adults. While social wellbeing is associated with better cognitive function generally, it is unknown how social wellbeing affects, and is affected by, prospective memory. Using a two-wave longitudinal design, we investigated the relationship between prospective memory and social wellbeing over 3 years. Data come from the first two waves of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging ( n = 23,609, age: 45–86), collected between 2011–2018. Event-based and time-based prospective memory were measured using a standardized laboratory task, and social wellbeing was operationalized as self-reported social support and social participation. We used latent change score modeling to evaluate longitudinal associations between prospective memory and social wellbeing. There was a positive bidirectional relationship with higher baseline social support predicting better prospective memory, and vice-versa. However, no similar relationship was observed for social participation. Time-based and event-based prospective memory did not differ in their association with social wellbeing. Social support may buffer stress and promote a richer, mentally stimulating environment, thereby improving prospective memory. Conversely, better prospective memory may increase social support, for example, by reducing the risk of memory lapses interfering with supportive relationships (e.g., forgetting appointments).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".