Gene age shapes functional and evolutionary properties of the <i>Drosophila</i> seminal fluid proteome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Seminal fluid proteins (Sfps) are crucial for animal reproductive success, with most Sfps-encoding genes believed to be evolutionarily young and rapidly evolving. By employing estimates of the phylogenetic origin of each Drosophila melanogaster Sfp gene based on genomic resources that include outgroup species to the Drosophila genus, we examined the functional attributes and evolutionary characteristics of Sfp genes relative to their evolutionary age. Contrary to common belief, 62% of Sfp genes existed in the genome of the ancestor to such genus. These ancient genes have broadened their expression profiles, expanded their biological roles, and formed a denser network of interactions with non-Sfp genes. This increased pleiotropy has imposed constraints on the rate of sequence evolution in ancient Sfp genes compared to younger ones. Within the Sfp interactome, we identified a fast-evolving core sub-network of younger genes with more restricted tissue expression and functions. Our findings uncover a large, previously unrecognized set of ancient Sfp genes with distinct genomic, functional, and evolutionary characteristics compared to the younger, more commonly studied Sfp genes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".