N-Heterocyclic Carbene Overlayers on Mild Steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although the functionalization of noble metals with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) is well-known, the interactions of these versatile ligands with common alloys are not. Herein, we present an immersion-deposition approach that enables the modification of mild steel (MiS) with diisopropylbenzimidazolium hydrogen carbonate ( iPr NHC · H 2 CO 3 ). The NHC-modified surface was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These experimental methods provide support for the functionalization of mild steel with iPr NHC and for the reduction of surface oxide by the carbene. Electrochemical analyses and salt immersion tests were also performed and they showed that the NHC coating increases the corrosion resistance of MiS. This study demonstrates that immersion deposition is a viable method for the modification of mild steel surfaces with N-heterocyclic carbenes and shows the potential for mitigating corrosion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".