Refined Cross-sample Entropy based on Freedman-Diaconis Rule: Application to Foreign Exchange Time Series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shang et al. (Commun. Nonlinear Sci. 94, 105556, 2022) proposed an efficient and robust synchronization estimation between two not necessarily stationary time series, namely the refined cross-sample entropy (RCSE). This method considered the empirical cumulative distribution function of distances using histogram estimator. In contrast to classical cross-sample entropy, RCSE only depends on a fixed embedding dimension parameter. In this paper, the RCSE is revisited as Freedman-Diaconis rule was considered to estimate the number of bins for the cumulative distribution function. Results are illustrated with some simulations based on 2D Hénon maps, the sinusoidal model, and the Lorenz attractor. In addition, a practical study of foreign exchange rate time series is presented. Specifically, the Canadian/US and Singaporean/US dollar time series were considered to compute the synchrony level between the 1995-1998 (before the 1999 Asian financial crisis) and the 1999-2003 (post-crisis) periods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".