Unveiling the Potential of NOMA: A Journey to Next-Generation Multiple Access
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The revolutionary sixth-generation wireless communications technologies and applications, notably digital twin networks (DTN), connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs), space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs), zero-touch networks, industry 5.0, healthcare 5.0, agriculture 5.0, and more, are driving the evolution of next-generation wireless networks (NGWNs). These innovative technologies and groundbreaking innovative applications will generate a sheer volume of data that requires the swift transmission of massive data across wireless networks and the capability to connect trillions of devices, thereby fueling the use of sophisticated next-generation multiple access (NGMA) schemes. In particular, NGMA strives to cater to the massive connectivity in the 6G era, enabling the smooth and optimized operations of NGWNs compared to existing multiple access (MA) schemes. This survey showcases non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) as the frontrunner for NGMA, spotlighting its novel contributions within the existing literature in terms of “What has NOMA delivered?”, “What is NOMA currently providing?” and “What lies ahead for NOMA?”. We present different variants of NOMA in this comprehensive survey, detailing their fundamental operations. In addition, this survey highlights NOMA’s applicability in a broad range of wireless communications technologies such as multi-antenna systems, machine learning, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), cognitive radio networks (CRN), integrated sensing and communications (ISAC), terahertz networks, autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs), etc. This survey delves deeper by providing a comprehensive literature review of NOMA’s interplay with various state-of-the-art wireless technologies. Furthermore, despite the numerous perks and advantages of NOMA, we also highlight several technical challenges of NOMA, which NOMA-assisted NGWNs may encounter. Next, we unveil the research trends of NOMA in the 6G era, offering reliable, robust, and swift communications. Finally, we offer design recommendations and insights along with the future perspectives of NOMA as the leading choice for NGMA within the realm of NGWNs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".