VZV IE4 downregulates cellular surface MHC-I via sequestering it to the Golgi complex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection downregulates surface major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression and retains MHC-I in the Golgi complex of infected cells. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The VZV IE4 protein is a multifunctional protein that is essential for VZV infection. In this study, the human leucocyte antigen C (HLA-C) protein was identified as a novel cellular factor associated with IE4. Ectopically expressed IE4 co-localizes with HLA-C, sequesters HLA-C to the Golgi complex and downregulates cellular surface MHC-I. VZV, with a mutated Golgi localization signal in IE4, denoted as mutated IE4 (mIE4) VZV, was constructed. In mIE4 VZV-infected cells, the cellular surface MHC-I was restored, and HLA-C was not retained in the Golgi complex. In summary, for the first time, we demonstrate a novel role of VZV IE4 in interfering with the MHC-I presentation pathway, suggesting that it may contribute to the evasion of host antiviral adaptive immunity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".