A systematic approach to defining a unit cell for fluid dynamics in packed beds with low tube‐to‐particle diameter ratio
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This work develops an approach to identify the suitable representative volume (unit cell) that captures fluid dynamics in beds packed with spheres or cylinders with a d t / d p ≤ 10, by describing radial void fraction and velocity profiles at particle Reynolds numbers between 5 and 100. Rigid‐body simulations were used to construct synthetic packings, while velocity profiles were obtained from particle‐resolved simulations. This methodology, rooted in the similitude of fluid dynamics between beds of different lengths, determines the minimum length (or number of particles in a bed) required for the unit cell to accurately describe the void fraction and velocity profiles. Defining such a unit cell for fluid dynamics not only reduces computational effort but also opens avenues for its use in multiscale techniques to develop reliable pseudo‐continuous models, which is currently the bottleneck in the design and optimization of wall‐cooled packed‐bed reactors in industrial scenarios.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".