Homestay Business Sustainability in Selangor and Perlis: Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (MOTAC) Perspectives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the pivotal roles played by the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (MOTAC) in assisting homestay business owners to sustain their operations, focusing on the context of Perlis and Selangor, Malaysia. Homestays represent a significant component of the tourism industry, offering unique cultural experiences and contributing to local economies. However, ensuring the sustainability of homestay businesses requires concerted efforts from government agencies such as MOTAC. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and empirical evidence, this study elucidates the multifaceted roles undertaken by MOTAC in supporting homestay business owners. These roles include cultural preservation, community engagement, promotion of responsible tourism practices, and policy support. MOTAC organises training programs, workshops, and seminars to enhance the skills and knowledge of homestay business owners, promoting sustainable practices. Furthermore, MOTAC collaborates with local communities to preserve cultural heritage and foster social cohesion while advocating for supportive policies and regulations that create an enabling environment for homestay businesses. By interviewing six MOTAC officials from the Selangor and Perlis regions, this paper highlights MOTAC's interventions in enhancing the sustainability of homestay businesses. This paper also highlights the issues and challenges MOTAC faces in ensuring the sustainability of homestay operations. By fostering environmental stewardship, cultural authenticity, community involvement, and responsible tourism, MOTAC plays a critical role in ensuring the long-term viability and resilience of the homestay sector in Perlis and Selangor. The findings underscore the importance of holistic and collaborative approaches in supporting sustainable tourism development, with MOTAC serving as a critical facilitator in this endeavour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".