A Study on the Effect of Aluminium Dross and Bottom Ash on the Microstructural Properties of Concrete
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The concrete made with cement, natural sand, gravel and water is highly sought material in construction industry.Extensive usage of natural resources results to erosion, depletion of raw materials, pollution and increase in carbon foot print.The combined effects may lead to environmental impacts.The usage of aluminium dross and bottom ash on small scale promotes economic motive since creating, testing, evaluating, designing and executing the projects that fit well with sustainable development by means of using topnotch materials and products that don't cost an arm and a leg while also gentle on the environment.This study investigates feasibility of usage of aluminum dross and bottom ash as environmental friendly material.The results indicate satisfactory strength and durability achieved for concrete.The microstructural properties tested using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) supports the fact that with aluminium dross and bottom ash usage in concrete made it sustainable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".