High-temperature spark plasma sintering of h-BN composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and graphene nanoplates
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, two h-BN-based composites reinforced with carbon fibers (CF) and carbon fibers/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/graphene nanoplates (GNPs) have been produced successfully through a high-temperature spark plasma sintering. 1 Wt.% short carbon fibers (length of 5 mm) with 0.1 Wt.% of CNTs and also 0.1 Wt.% of GNPs as hybrid composite were mixed through a simple mixing method including a high energy sonicating and stirring on the hot plate in ethanol media until drying. Moreover, h-BN/1 Wt. % CF composite was mixed with a similar method to compare impacts of CNTs and GNPs addition on the mechanical properties and microstructure of h-BN/CF composite. The high-temperature spark plasma sintering processes were performed at vacuum conditions of almost 20-25 MPa with a starting pressure of 10 and a final applied pressure of 50 MPa at a maximum temperature of 1900˚C. Both prepared samples showed near full densification of higher than 98.1 % of the theoretical density determined by Archimedes’ principle. Investigation of the crystalline phases by XRD represented only related peaks to h-BN. The FESEM images indicated an almost uniform distribution of reinforcement in the h-BN matrix. Furthermore, the polished surface of the provided samples showed only the pulled-out carbon fibers effects while the fracture surfaces confirmed the presence of CF and it’s tunneling effects. The obtained mechanical properties revealed 273±12 MPa of bending strength, 1.32±0.1 GPa of Vickers hardness, and 4.79±0.2 MPa.m0.5 fracture toughness for the prepared hybrid composite.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it