Federated Learning for Hierarchical Fall Detection and Human Activity Recognition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In healthcare monitoring, precise fall detection (FD) and human activity recognition (HAR) are paramount, especially for the elderly. This paper presents a federated learning (FL) framework that employs a two-stage hierarchical approach to address these needs. The first stage distinguishes between fall and non-fall events, crucial for minimizing false alarms in sensitive environments such as elderly care facilities. Subsequently, if a fall is detected, the system classifies the type of fall to facilitate appropriate medical responses; if no fall is detected, it classifies the specific activity being performed. This approach enables accurate emergency responses and supports personalized healthcare interventions. With FL, all model training are conducted on local devices using wearable data, including inertial measurement unit (IMU) and physiological signals, without the need to share sensitive data centrally, preserving users’ privacy. This method ensures that each device contributes to a global model, whilst maintaining the confidentiality of individual data inputs. Our experimental evaluations demonstrate generalization capabilities in binary classification for FD and highlight challenges in multi-class scenarios for HAR, demonstrating the need for advanced strategies in handling complex classifications. The source code and experimental evaluations are accessible at https://github.com/SIT-FL/FL-Fall-Detection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".