Dominant biogeochemical processes in the Scotia Sea revealed by an inverse box model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An inverse box model of the Scotia Sea balances the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) heat, salt, mass and biogeochemical transports up to the 28.00 kg m -3 isoneutral. We construct hydrographic and biogeochemical vertical sections enclosing the Scotia Sea using several datasets up to 2018, and constrain the reference velocity at 1000 m with the Argo floats drift. The results reveal 136.7 ± 1.0 Sv entering through the Drake Passage and 137.9 ± 1.0 Sv exiting through the northern passages (113.6 Sv via the North Scotia Ridge and 24.3 Sv through the Georgia Passage), dominated by the deep circumpolar waters. Salt is near-conservative because of scarce water exchange with the atmosphere, with a freshwater flux gain of only 0.06 Sv, but heat is influenced by the intense ocean-atmosphere energy exchange, with a net loss of 0.065 PW. The combination of physical and biogeochemical processes leads to a total net production of nitrate and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and a net consumption of alkalinity and dissolved oxygen (DO). Further, we observe a subsurface poleward transfer of water mass and associated properties across the Polar Front, which sustains overall remineralization and DO outgassing in the mode and intermediate waters of the southern sector. The carbon budget is internally dominated by DIC production at 0.16 ± 0.03 Pg C yr -1 , accumulating at 0.12 ± 0.03 Pg C yr -1 ; however, the air-sea exchange is closely balanced despite additional anthropogenic DIC inputs, suggesting that DIC outgasses at faster rates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".