On the development of a mathematical model of a two-phase flow in an axisymmetric de Laval nozzle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When modeling the flow of two-phase media, a number of authors use the kinetic approach. In the 1980s, I.M. Vasenin et al. obtained equations describing the flow of gas and liquid particles based on the equation for a drop distribution function in terms of masses, velocities, temperatures, and intrinsic angular momentum. They differ from the known equations by an additional equation for the mean square of the rotation moment. A numerical solution to the equations shows that due to numerous collisions and coagulation, the rotation moments of some drops exceed the critical value, and the drops are destroyed by centrifugal forces. In this paper, the kinetic approach is extended to the model of a two-phase flow in an axisymmetric de Laval nozzle with account for the radial diffusion of drops under the action of the Magnus force acting on a rotating drop. The system of equations is derived from the kinetic equation up to second-order moments using the method of moments. Only second-order moments, which affect diffusion to the wall, are taken into account. Diffusion leads to an earlier occurrence of drops on the wall and therefore must be considered when profiling the contour of the nozzle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".