Pure Mg Cathode for Highly Efficient Single-Layer Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Highly efficient single-layer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are demonstrated by using a pure Mg cathode that is seeded with a small amount of Ag nucleation sites. Bis(4-phenylthieno[3,2- c ]pyridinato- N,C2’)(acetylacetonate)iridium(III) (PO-01)-doped devices with three-, two-, and one-region doping configurations exhibit maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) values of 22.8%, 21.7%, and 11.2%, respectively, which are the highest reported to date for orange single-layer OLEDs. Moreover, the EQE of the one-region device can be raised to 18.2% when using a codopant to balance electron and hole traps. Charge transport characteristics are also investigated by single-carrier devices, which reveal that bipolar hosts with well-balanced hole and electron transport are not a prerequisite for achieving high-efficiency single-layer OLEDs; instead, dopants play a crucial role in determining the location of the recombination zone due to the charge trapping effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".