Appraisal of the Legal Framework and Regulation on Automobile Emissions: Nigeria Perspectives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper examined the efficacy of legal framework and enforcement of vehicular emission in Nigeria. The paper posits that the vast technological improvement in the manufacturing of automobiles and awareness in developed countries, the need to dispose of their obsolete and end of life vehicles for better environmental friendly vehicles, the interest of developing countries, like Nigeria, to meet up with global trends, improve their standard of living and alleviate poverty rate has turned them to willing recipients of used vehicles. This has a large share in the despoliation of air quality in the country by the release of high amounts of pollutants into the Nigerian atmosphere, thereby, causing headaches, loss of vision, anemia, forgetfulness and fatigue, high blood pressure, heart and circulatory diseases, cause abnormal foetal development and others. The article adopts the doctrinal approach of analytically and comparatively used of legal rules founded in primary sources; and statutes to critic the efficacy of the legal regimes in force in Nigeria. The objective of this paper was to further critic the efficacy of extant laws and regulations in Nigeria, the impact and enforcement challenges of pollution from vehicular emissions and its adverse effect on the global environmental concern. The paper concludes and recommended that all the facilities, officials and resources required should be made available to ensure that there is continuous and sound monitoring exercise of the Nigerian environment especially in areas of vehicular emissions devoid of the peculiar mix of polities, in order to properly audit the quality of air.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".