Enhanced crude oil degradation observed in sea ice following bioaugmentation with arctic bacteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Petroleum-derived contamination is a growing hazard for the Arctic Ocean and northern marine transportation corridors. In northern settings where the accessibility to oil spills can be limited, natural attenuation is the most promising remediation process. The goal of the presented research is to evaluate the impact of biodegradation on crude oil inside sea ice. To this end, a bioremediation experiment was conducted at the Sea-ice Environmental Research Facility, University of Manitoba. The experiment utilized two mesocosm tanks (Augmented and Native) filled with nutrient-enriched artificial seawater (i.e., biostimulation). The water in the Augmented tank also contained oil-acclimated bacteria enriched from Arctic surface seawater from Cambridge Bay, Canada (i.e., bioaugmentation). The Native tank was not inoculated, but both tanks contained a bacterial community originating with the artificial seawater preparation. Crude oil was added under the naturally formed ice cover within each tank, creating areas that contained different oil concentrations. The Augmented tank contained 22 distinct bacterial genera compared to the Native tank, presumably due to the inoculation. The abundance of distinct bacterial genera was maximal in the water column and in low-contaminated ice core samples (<0.21 g oil/L). In these ice cores, bioaugmentation affected the concentration of low-molecular-weight aliphatic compounds (<C 18 ) and naphthalenes (<C 5 ). We also observed a 1% loss per day of n-nonadecane, n-docosane, methylphenanthrene, and tetramethylnaphthalene in the Augmented tank, which we attribute to bioaugmentation by the Arctic bacterial enrichment. In contrast, losses of these same compounds plateaued after day 15 in the Native tank. • Oil-in-sea ice mesocosm experiments were conducted in parallel in winter conditions. • Over 90% of C11 hydrocarbons were lost from both tanks over 52 days. • One tank augmented with Arctic bacteria led to a 24% greater loss of oil components. • The augmented tank contained known oil-degraders like Alcanivorax and Idiomarina . • Hydrocarbon losses were significantly correlated with Gammaproteobacteria proportion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".