Mechanical durability of reinforced sulfo-phenylated polyphenylene-based proton exchange membranes: Impacts of ion exchange capacity and reinforcement thickness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work explores the impacts of ion exchange capacity (IEC) and reinforcement thickness on the mechanical durability of reinforced sulfo-phenylated poly(phenylene)-based Pemion® fuel cell membranes . Pressure differential accelerated mechanical stress testing (XP-AMST) is leveraged to rapidly investigate the mechanical durability of reinforced Pemion® and a reference reinforced perfluorosulfonic acid (r-PFSA) ionomer membrane. The fatigue lifetime curves obtained from XP-AMST are explained by in-situ fuel cell performance diagnostics and ex-situ tensile, hygral expansion, stress of dehydration, and crack propagation rate measurements. The rigid-rod poly(phenylene) backbone in Pemion® membranes yields a high stress of dehydration during the dehydration phase, yet superior mechanical fatigue strength in XP-AMST compared to r-PFSA. The XP-AMST results show that reducing the IEC in Pemion® by only 0.3 mmol g −1 can afford three times longer mechanical durability, ∼20 % lower stress of dehydration and hygral swelling, and higher flexibility and dimensional stability in the dry and wet phases, respectively. Furthermore, 2 μm thicker reinforcement yields tougher membranes with suppressed swelling, dehydration stress, and crack propagation rate, improving fatigue longevity. Herein, the importance of tuned IEC and membrane design in the mechanical durability of hydrocarbon-based membranes is highlighted for a viable replacement of incumbent PFSA materials in fuel cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".