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First Joint Oscillation Analysis of Super-Kamiokande Atmospheric and T2K Accelerator Neutrino Data
K. Abe, Y. Hayato, K. Hiraide, K. Hosokawa, K. Ieki, M. Ikeda, J. Kameda, Y. Kanemura, R. Kaneshima, Y. Kashiwagi, Y. Kataoka, S. Miki, S. Mine, M. Miura, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakano, S. Nakayama, Y. Noguchi, K. Satô, H. Sekiya, H. Shiba, K. Shimizu, M. Shiozawa, Y. Sonoda, A. Takeda, Y. Takemoto, H. Tanaka, S. Han, T. Tashiro, Tomoaki Tomiya, X. Wang, S. Yoshida, P. Fernandez, L. Labarga, N. Ospina, Bryan Zaldívar, B. W. Pointon, E. Kearns, J. Mirabito, J. L. Raaf, L. Wan, T. Wester, J. Bian, N. J. Griskevich, M. Smy, H. W. Sobel, V. Takhistov, A. Yankelevich, J. Hill, M. C. Jang, S. H. Lee, D. H. Moon, R. G. Park, B. Bodur, C. W. Walter, A Beauchêne, O. Drapier, A. Giampaolo, Th. A. Mueller, Andrew D. Santos, P. Paganini, B. Quilain, R. Rogly, T. Nakamura, J. S. Jang, L. Magaletti, J. G. Learned, K. Choi, N. Iovine, S. Cao, L. H. V. Anthony, D. Martin, N. W. Prouse, M. Scott, Y. Uchida, V. Berardi, N. F. Calabria, M G Catanesi, E. Radicioni, A. Langella, G. De Rosa, G Collazuol, M. Feltre, F. Iacob, M. Mattiazzi, M. Gonin, Lorenzo Périssé, G. Pronost, Shunsaku Horiuchi, M. Kobayashi, Yongmin Liu, Y. Maekawa, Y. Nishimura, R. Okazaki, R. Akutsu, M. Friend, T. Hasegawa, T. Kobayashi, M. Jakkapu, Takahiko Matsubara, T. Nakadaira, Y. Oyama, A. Portocarrero Yrey, T. Sekiguchi, N. A. Bhuiyan, G. T. Burton, F. Di Lodovico, J. Gao, A. Goldsack, J. Migenda, R. M. Ramsden, Z. Xie, S. Zsoldos, A. T. Suzuki, Yusuke Takagi, Y Takeuchi, H. Zhong, J. Feng, Jun Hu, Z. Hu, M. Kawaue, T. Kikawa, M. Mori, T. Nakaya, R. A. Wendell, N. McCauley, P. Mehta, A. Tarrant, M. J. Wilking, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, H. Menjo, K. Ninomiya, Yumiko Yoshioka, J. Łagoda, M. Mandal, P. Mijakowski, Y. S. Prabhu, J. Zalipska, J. Jiang, C. Yanagisawa, M. Harada, Y. Hino, H. Ishino, Y. Koshio, F. Nakanishi, S. Sakai, T Tada, T. Tano, T. Ishizuka, D. Barrow, L. Cook, S. Samani, A. Holin, F. Nova, S. Jung, B. S. Yang, Jie Yang, J. Yoo, J. E. P. Fannon, J. M. McElwee, M. D. Thiesse, L.F. Thompson, Stephen T. Wilson, H. Okazawa, S. M. Lakshmi, S. B. Kim, E. Kwon, J. W. Seo, I. Yu, A. K. Ichikawa, S. Tairafune, K. Nishijima, A. Eguchi, K. Nakagiri, Y. Nakajima, S. Shima, N. Taniuchi, Eiichiro Watanabe, P. de Perio, C. Jesús-Valls, K. Martens, K. M. Tsui, M. R. Vagins, S. Izumiyama, R. Matsumoto, K. Terada, Ryoichi Asaka, M. Ishitsuka, Hiroshi Itô, Y. Ommura, N. Shigeta, M. Shinoki, K. Yamauchi, R Gaur, V. Gousy-Leblanc, A. Konaka, X. Li, S. Chen, Baoting Xu, Yi Wu, A. Q. Zhang, Baopeng Zhang, M. Posiadała-Zezula, S. B. Boyd, R. Edwards, D. Hadley, M. Nicholson, M. O’Flaherty, B. Richards, S. Amanai, Ll. Marti, Rie Shibayama, Ryota Shimamura, S. Suzuki, N. Akhlaq, H. Alarakia-Charles, Y. I. Alj Hakim, S. Alonso Monsalve, C Andreopoulos, L. Anthony, M. Antonova, S. Aoki, K. A. Apte, T. Arai, T. Arihara, S. Arimoto, Y. Asada, Y. Ashida, E. T. Atkin, N. Kishore Babu, M. Barbi, Gary Barker, Paul Bates, M. Batkiewicz, L. Berns, S. Bhadra, Adrien Blanchet, A. Blondel, S. Bolognesi, S. Bordoni, A. Bravar, A. Bubak, M. Buizza Avanzini, J. A. Caballero, D Carabadjac, A. J. Carter, S. L. Cartwright, M. P. Casado, A. Cervera, J. Chakrani, Anne Chalumeau, D. Cherdack, P. S. Chong, A. Chvirova, M. Cicerchia, J. Coleman, F Cormier, A. Cudd, D. D’Ago, C. Dalmazzone, T. Daret, Prokar Dasgupta, C. Davis, Yu. I. Davydov, A. De Roeck, T. Dealtry, Claudia Caterina Delogu, C. Densham, A. Dergacheva, R. Dharmapal, G. Lopez, S. Dolan, D. Douqa, T. A. Doyle, K. E. Duffy, J. Dumarchez, P. Dunne, K. Dygnarowicz, J. E. Elias, S. Emery-Schrenk, G. Erofeev, A. Ershova, G. Eurin, D. Fedorova, S. Fedotov, D. Ferlewicz, A. J. Finch, G. A. Fiorentini Aguirre, G. Fiorillo, M. D. Fitton, J. M. Franco-Patino, Y. Fujii, Y. Furui, L. Giannessi, C. Giganti, V. Glagolev, J. González Rosa, E. A. G. Goodman, A. Gorin, K. Gorshanov, Marco Grassi, M. Guigue, D. R. Hadley, J. T. Haigh, D. A. Harris, S. Hassani, N. C. Hastings, I. Heitkamp, D. Henaff, M. Hogan, J. Holeczek, T. Holvey, Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân, Takashi Honjo, A. Izmaylov, J. J. Jiang, Julie Y. Ji, P. Jonsson, S.C. Joshi, C. K. Jung, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Kaboth, H. Kakuno, S. Karpova, S.P. Kasetti, V. S. Kasturi, Yuta Kawamura, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, S. King, V. Kiseeva, J. Kisiel, Hiroaki Kobayashi, L. Koch, S. Kodama, M. Kolupanova, L. L. Kormos, Y. Koshio, T. Koto, K. Kowalik, Y. Kudenko, Yuta Kudo, S. Kuribayashi, R. Kurjata, V. Kurochka, T. Kutter, M. La Commara, Mário Lachat, K. Lachner, M. Lamers James, J. F. Laporte, D. Last, N. Latham, M. Laveder, Luigi Lavitola, M. Lawe, Y. Lee, D. Leon Silverio, S. Levorato, S. Lewis, C. Lin, R. P. Litchfield, S. L. Liu, W. Li, A. Longhin, K. Long, A. Lopez Moreno, X. L. Lu, T. Lux, L. Magaletti, K. Mahn, K. K. Mahtani, S. Manly, A. D. Marino, L. Marti-Magro, D. Martin, M. Martini, T. Maruyama, V. Matveev, C. Mauger, K. Mavrokoridis, E. Mazzucato, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, Joseph W. McKean, A. Mefodiev, G. D. Megias, L. Mellet, C. Metelko, M. Mezzetto, E Miller, O. Mineev, L. Molina Bueno, P. Morrison, D. Munford, Alfonso Muñoz, L. Munteanu, K. Nagai, Y. Nagai, A. Nakamura, K. Nakayoshi, C. E. R. Naseby, Tran Van Ngoc, Doan Trang Nguyen, V. Q. Nguyen, K. Niewczas, S. Nishimori, T. Nosek, P. Novella, J. C. Nugent, H. M. O’Keeffe, L. O’Sullivan, T. Odagawa, W. Okinaga, T. Okusawa, Nobuhiko Onda, L. Osu, V. Palladino, V. Paolone, M. Pari, J. Parlone, J. Pasternak, D. Payne, G. C. Penn, D. Pershey, Michael Pfaff, L. Pickering, G. Pintaudi, C. Pistillo, B. Popov, A. J. Portocarrero Yrey, K. Porwit, Hari Prasad, F. Pupilli, P. T. Quyen, T. Radermacher, B. Radics, M. A. Ramírez, P. N. Ratoff, C. Riccio, E. Rondio, S. Roth, Noë Roy, A. Rubbia, L. Russo, A. Rychter, W. Saenz, F. Sánchez, Yosuke Sato, T. Schefke, C. M. Schloesser, H. Sekiya, D. Sgalaberna, A. Shaikhiev, Yoshimitsu Shiraishi, A. Shvartsman, N. Skrobova, K. Skwarczynski, D. Smyczek, M. B. Smy, J. T. Sobczyk, H. Sobel, A. J. Speers, R. Spina, Y. Stroke, I. Suslov, S. Suvorov, A. Suzuki, M. Tada, Katsunari Takifuji, H. K. Tanaka, H. Tanigawa, A. Teklu, V.V. Tereshchenko, N. Thamm, W. H. Toki, C. Touramanis, M. Tzanov, D. Vargas, M. Varghese, G. Vasseur, E. Villa, W. G. S. Vinning, U. Virginet, T. Vladisavljevic, T. Wachala, Daisuke Wakabayashi, H. T. Wallace, J. Walsh, Yun Wang, M. O. Wascko, A. Weber, R. Wendell, C. Wilkinson, J. R. Wilson, R. Kevin Wood, C. Wret, Y. Xu, K. Yamamoto, Takao A. Yamamoto, G. Yang, N. Yershov, U. Yevarouskaya, Y. Yoshimoto, Noriko Yoshimura, M. Yu, R. Zaki, A. Zalewska, К. Заремба, G Zarnecki, Jiawen Zhang, Xingyu Zhao, T. Zhu, M. Ziembicki, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical Review Letters · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicNeutrino Physics Research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British ColumbiaYork UniversityInstitute of Particle PhysicsUniversity of TorontoUniversity of WinnipegUniversity of ReginaBritish Columbia Institute of Technology
FundersEuropean Regional Development FundStaatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und InnovationJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceNational Research Council CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesScience and Technology Facilities CouncilHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeGeneralitat de CatalunyaSorbonne UniversitéMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian FederationNemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs HivatalDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronCommissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónNarodowe Centrum NaukiVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyRussian Science FoundationMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyAgence Nationale de la RechercheU.S. Department of EnergyAlliance de recherche numérique du CanadaNational Foundation for Science and Technology DevelopmentRoyal SocietyCanada Foundation for InnovationCERNMinisterstwo Edukacji i NaukiCentres de Recerca de CatalunyaDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungUK Research and Innovation
KeywordsNeutrinoPhysicsNeutrino oscillationParticle physicsEnergy (signal processing)Neutrino detectorOscillation (cell signaling)Quantum mechanicsChemistry
Abstract
The Super-Kamiokande and T2K Collaborations present a joint measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters from their atmospheric and beam neutrino data. It uses a common interaction model for events overlapping in neutrino energy and correlated detector systematic uncertainties between the two datasets, which are found to be compatible. Using 3244.4 days of atmospheric data and a beam exposure of 19.7(16.3)×10^{20} protons on target in (anti)neutrino mode, the analysis finds a 1.9σ exclusion of CP conservation (defined as J_{CP}=0) and a 1.2σ exclusion of the inverted mass ordering.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.012
Threshold uncertainty score0.024
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.044
GPT teacher head0.344
Teacher spread0.300 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations15
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes