Intra-Household Portfolio Decision in Retirement: Bargaining Power and Gender Health Differences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates how the health-determined bargaining power affects the joint portfolio decision-making of retired households. Data demonstrate a decline in the risky share of married households after retirement, whereas the risky share of single households remains relatively stable. Meantime, wives tend to be younger, healthier, and more risk-averse than husbands. This suggests a potential correlation between health-determined bargaining power dynamics and the household’s portfolio allocation in retirement: as people age, health factors play a more crucial role in determining bargaining power. Consequently, the wife’s bargaining power strengthens, leading the household’s collective portfolio decisions to increasingly reflect her preferences. This dynamic underscores the importance of considering health factors in understanding how joint portfolio decisions are made in retirement. It highlights the potential role of intrahousehold bargaining power in shaping financial outcomes. Realizing this knowledge, policymakers can enhance their ability to better support households’ financial planning and choices during retirement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".