Exploring the link between corporate social responsibility and financial performance in social enterprises: The mediating role of productivity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A key discussion in the current management literature is how businesses react to and can contribute to solving societal challenges while meeting the needs of their shareholders and their broader set of stakeholders. Most extant research focuses on corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues in large for‐profit corporations, but social enterprises are also critical given their ability to promote financial inclusion and focus on stakeholders' needs. This study explores the mediating role of total factor productivity (TFP) in the relationship between CSR and financial performance within social enterprises, using a sample of microfinance institutions (MFIs) from Latin America. Our analysis demonstrates TFP's critical role in translating CSR initiatives into sustainable financial outcomes and enhancing both economic and social objectives. Thus, our results may provide insights to regulators, policymakers, and practitioners, allowing them to better understand best practices and actions that foster stakeholders' trust and expectations, with the potential outcome of improving MFIs overall sustainability goals. Our findings are robust due to the use of a variety of methodological approaches to address possible endogeneity problems and alternative specifications of financial performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".