Maternal type 2 immunity promotes a microchimeric transfer of systemic type 2 immunity to offspring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract During maternity mothers undergo an immune pivot to a type 2 immune phenotype which is independent of any antigen experience. In this study we present this maternal Type 2 immunity as a key enabler of optimal maternally-driven microchimeric transfer of immunity to helminth infection in offspring. To demonstrate that maternal type 2 immunity dictates offspring immunity we nursed wildtype (WT) offspring on WT or IL-4Rα -/- foster mothers. WT offspring nursed on IL-4Ra -/- mothers acquired a reduced type 2 immune signature compared to WT offspring nursed on WT mothers. This demonstrated maternal IL-4Rα imprints type 2 immunity in offspring. This increased type 2 immunity in offspring related to a maternal IL-4Rα dependent increased frequency of maternal microchimeric cells (MMc) being detected in offspring. Higher worm burdens were detected in offspring nursed on IL-4Rα -/- mothers, demonstrating that an antigen independent promotion of maternal type 2 immunity provides offspring with protective immunity against a helminth infection. To establish the contribution of increased MMc in offspring nursed on WT mothers in the control of infection, we undertook an antibody mediated depletion of MMc cells in WT offspring. This MMc depletion impaired the control of infection and reduced the magnitude of offspring type 2 immune response against a helminth infection. These findings present antigen independent maternal IL-4Rα driven type 2 immunity during pregnancy as critical for imparting a profound immune influence via MMc on offspring immunity to infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".