Correlation analysis of walking speed with executive function in patients with subjective memory decline
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To examine whether walking speed is associated with executive function in patients with subjective memory decline. METHOD: Patients were recruited from the Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, including 63 patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and 23 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Each participant assess global function by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic Scale (MoCA-B). Executive function assessments using the Shape Symbol Task A (STT-A) to evaluate visual perception and writing speed, Shape-Tracing Test B (STT-B) to evaluate cognitive flexibility. Animal Fluency Test (AFT) to evaluate semantic organization and retrieval strategies, Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) to assess processing speed and Digit Span Test (DST) to evaluate information processing processes. 10-m walking test (10MWT) to evaluate walking speed, with time recorded converted to speed (m/s). SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze the Pearson correlation between walking speed and executive function. RESULT: Significant difference of MMSE, MoCA-B, AFT, STT-A, STT-B and SDMT were found in both individual groups (P <0.05), and associations were independent of Gender, Age, Education and 10MWT. In the total combined group, 10MWT were significantly associated with Education (r = 0.267, p = 0.014), MMSE (r = 0.281, p = 0.009), MoCA-B (r = 0.255, p = 0.019), AFT (r = 0.244, p = 0.024) and SDMT (r = 0.221, p = 0.043), negatively correlated with Age (r = -0.267, p = 0.013). In the SCD group, 10WMT were identified positive association with SDMT (r = 0.259, p = 0.042), negative correlation with Age (r = -0.282, p = 0.026). In the MCI group, 10WMT were identified positive association with Education (r = 0.655, p = 0.001), MMSE (r = 0.528, p = 0.01), MoCA-B (r = 0.655, p = 0.001), AFT (r = 0.426, p = 0.043), negative correlation with STT-A (r = -0.473, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: There was no difference between two groups in walking speed, but were differences in global cognition and executive functions. In the SCD group, walking speed was correlated with processing speed in executive function. More associations between walking speed and executive function were found in the MCI group, mainly with the ability of organize and extract semantic strategies, visual perception and writing motor speed and also related to global cognitive function. The results revealed that impairment of executive function is a significant feature and has important relation with walking speed in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".