Comparison of two calcein administration techniques for marking the shell of the blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) infected with pathogenic microalgae Coccomyxa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presence of the L-shaped shell deformity (LSSD) is a reliable biomineral marker for non-lethal detection of wild blue mussels ( Mytilus spp.) infected with the unicellular photosynthetic microalgae Coccomyxa sp. However, the LSSD formation rate is unknown. Most literature regarding bivalve shell sclerochronology advocates the fluorochrome calcein as an ideal growth marker. Administration technique of calcein-seawater solution for mussels, injection into mantle cavity or immersion, influences mark quality and staining. The best technique cannot be predicted in advance. Three circumstances may impact the dyeing success for Coccomyxa -infected mussels: mantle colonization with algae, increase in mucus production and biophysiological control in alga-mussel association. This report examines how injection (in field condition) and immersion (for 2 h - field condition; 20 h - laboratory condition) affect shell marking in adult (60–70 mm shell length) Coccomyxa -infected Mytilus spp. Uninfected wild and farmed mussels are used in parallel experiments for comparative purposes. After the staining procedures (calcein concentration 150 mg L ‐1), mussels were caged for 55 days in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (Québec, Canada). Results demonstrate that uninfected mussels showed fluorescent marks regardless of the administration techniques, whereas in Coccomyxa -infected mussels marks were visible only after immersion for 20 h. This may suggest that dyeing success could be managed by unknown aspects of biophysiological control in alga-mussel symbiosis. A comparison of images made in 2019 and 2023 indicates no change in calcein marks brightness 4 years after the end of shell staining experiments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".