Novel porous glass from recycled waste for efficient phosphorus capture in wastewater: A case study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Addressing eutrophication and ensuring food security are pivotal in today's environmental landscape, with the recovery of phosphorus (P) from waste streams playing a crucial role. In this light, waste-derived materials, especially those with a natural affinity for P, are of significant interest. This study introduces “Umix,” a novel adsorbent created from foam glass, a product of recycled glass, tailored for efficient P removal from wastewater. Despite its glassy origin, Umix exhibits a considerable surface area (~44 m 2 /g) and demonstrates an impressive maximum P sorption capacity ( Q m ) of ~101 mg/g, achieving >95 % removal efficiency in 24 h for a 100 ppm P solution at a 1/50 loading ratio, for pH below 8. When Umix is a part of the composites, the Umix-clay-kaolin variant shows enhanced P removal rates for 10 ppm solutions, though it has a lower sorption capacity than pure Umix. Remarkably, Umix maintains high removal efficiency (~86 %) for up to five weeks in lagoon water with 200 ppm P at a 1/1000 loading ratio. A toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) confirms Umix's environmental safety, with lead and chromium leaching significantly below the 50-ppm threshold. These findings underscore the potential of repurposing glass waste into an effective solution for P removal from wastewater, thereby contributing to improved agricultural productivity and embodying the principles of a circular economy through nutrient recovery. • Umix, derived from recycled foam glass, effectively removes phosphorus from wastewater. • High sorption capacity (~101 mg/g) and surface area (~44 m2/g) ensure efficient P removal. • Umix-clay-kaolin composite enhances P removal rates, albeit with slightly lower sorption capacity. • Demonstrates long-term efficiency (~86 % removal over five weeks) in real-world conditions. • Umix passes TCLP test, confirming environmental safety and suitability for widespread use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".