Dynamics of neuropeptide release and activity post-bloodmeal in the female mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Female Aedes aegypti secrete urine rapidly post-bloodmeal ingestion, with diuresis beginning immediately for removal of excess salts and water. This post-prandial diuresis includes a peak, post-peak, and late phase, involving the combined actions of multiple hormones, including diuretic and anti-diuretic factors. Calcitonin-like diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) and kinin peptides stimulate diuresis through actions on their cognate receptors localized in the Malpighian "renal" tubules (MTs). In contrast, the anti-diuretic neurohormone, CAPA, inhibits secretion by MTs stimulated by select diuretic hormones, including DH31. While DH31 and kinin are critical in achieving post-prandial diuresis, and CAPA functions as an important anti-diuretic hormone, the kinetics of their release and haemolymph levels remain unknown. Herein, using heterologously expressed A. aegypti DH31, CAPA, and kinin receptors, we investigated the titres of these hormones in the haemolymph of female mosquitoes at different time points after blood feeding. Haemolymph extracts from female mosquitoes contained levels of diuretic peptides, specifically kinin and DH31, that increased immediately post-bloodmeal, with levels peaking at 2 and 5 min, respectively, while DH31 levels remained elevated for 15 min. Comparatively, levels of CAPA peptides in the haemolymph steadily increase 15 min post-blood feeding, with levels peaking at 30 min. Synergistic actions were observed between DH31 and a kinin-like peptides on the MTs, providing a physiological context for the rapid release of these peptides into the female haemolymph. Altogether, these results demonstrate that DH31 and kinin are released immediately post-bloodmeal and, along with CAPA peptides, have a coordinative action on the MTs to maintain haemolymph homeostasis through regulation of primary urine secretion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".