An Exact Synthesis Procedure for Minimum Quality Factor Spherical Wire Antennas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A design procedure for minimum-Qspherical wire antennas of arbitrarily small electrical size is derived. Special cases of circularly polarized and self-tuned designs are investigated, where the latter is elliptically polarized and provides the lowestQfor any configuration of radiated spherical waves in the electrically small regime. The designs are tested in simulation to find that the polarizations agree with the theoretical predictions. The basis for these theoretical predictions — spherical wave expansion — also providesQestimates which are attained in the self-tuned (lowestQelectrically small spherical wire) case over a range of electrical sizes for a large number of wires. For a more practical number of wires, a special case is synthesized with electrical size ka = 0.25 to obtain a quality factor which is 1.03 times the lower bound on spherical wire antenna Q, the lowestQrelative to this lower bound in the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".