Bibliographic record
Abstract
Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is defined as reversible pallor, and also rubor or cyanosis especially digits and it is very common on the general population. It can be an early sign of a connective tissue disease, especially scleroderma and may negatively impact patients’ quality of life. Lifestyle modifications including smoking cessation, cold-avoidance, and avoidance of medications that could worsen RP should be considered as first-line therapies. For those who are resistant to conservative measures, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are the preferred first-line treatment. The majority of treatment trials in RP study nifedipine, but other drugs such as amlodipine and felodipine. Otherwise, there is evidence supporting the use of topical nitrates and oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. Intravenous prostaglandins (prostacyclins, PGI2 such as iloprost and PGE1 which is alprostadil) can be used for refractory cases. There remains a paucity of data for the benefit of botulism toxin, fluoxetine, or bosentan for treating RP in these patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".