Effects of Macleaya cordata extract supplementation in low-protein, low-fishmeal diets on growth, hematology, intestinal histology, and microbiota in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of supplementing Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) in low-fishmeal or low-protein diet on the growth performance, blood biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota of juvenile largemouth bass. Two control diets were prepared: a low-protein diet (LP-0) containing 360 g/kg fishmeal and 460 g/kg crude protein, and a low-fishmeal diet (LF-0) containing 270 g/kg fishmeal and 500 g/kg crude protein. Then, 500 mg/kg MCE (Sangrovit) was added to the above two diets resulting in LP-500 and LF-500 diets, respectively. Juvenile largemouth bass (initial weight 21.0 ± 1.0 g) were fed the four diets for 60 days. Results showed that supplementing 500 mg/kg MCE in the low-protein diet, but not in the low-fishmeal diet, significantly increased the weight gain of largemouth bass ( P < 0.05). In Aeromonashydrophila challenge test, the LP-500 group showed higher survival than the LP-0 group.In serum indices, LP-500 group presented significantly lower activity of diamine oxidase than the LP-0 group( P < 0.05). Supplementing MCE in low-fishmeal or low-protein diets significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes in the intestinal microbiota ( P < 0.05). Additionally , the expression levels of the inflammatory factors IL-10 and TGF-β1 were reduced. In summary, supplementing MCE in low-protein diet significantly improved the weight gain ( P < 0.05), and MCE supplementation in low-protein or low-fishmeal diet could modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and reduce the inflammation factors expression in largemouth bass. ● Macleaya cordata extracts can modulate intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass fed low-protein or low-fishmeal diet. ● Macleaya cordata extracts reduced inflammation factors expression of largemouth bass fed low-protein or low-fishmeal diet. ● Adding Macleaya cordata extracts to low-protein diet improved weight gain of largemouth bass. ● Dietary Macleaya cordata extracts enhanced the resistance of largemouth bass to Aeromonas hydrophila infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".