Bibliographic record
Abstract
The idea of geoengineering, that is the act of deliberately engaging with the environment in order to reduce or stop some form of pending catastrophic change, can quite literally be taken off the Earth's surface and into space. An obvious example of this is the action of planetary defense, which seeks to identify and deflect those solar system objects (asteroids and comets) that might impact the Earth, thereby avoiding catastrophic climate change. In this chapter, we review the current situation with respect to identifying and classifying the threat from near-Earth objects, and describe the methods by which such encounters might be averted. We also consider the growing problem of space debris accumulation, revealing this as a looming catastrophe, threatening to severely curtail space exploration and future space commerce. Furthermore, on the premise that all industry-based civilizations (both terrestrial and extraterrestrial) are likely to leave some evidence of environmental disruption and/or their attempts at ameliorating such disruption, geoengineering can, in principle, be thought of as an important technosignature in the search for extraterrestrial life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.039 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".