Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Children enjoyed listening to martial music, celebrating victories, and watching military parades. They not only viewed soldiers from the sidelines; they also pretended to be them in play activities covering not only war’s glories but its horrors as well. Poor and rich youngsters alike found comfort in playing at soldiering, and servicemen of all ranks basked in children’s adoration. Adults also enjoyed watching youngsters drill and seeing them in uniform. The evidence suggests that the children—particularly those emulating officers—might take as much pleasure in this as their elders did in viewing them. Education efforts thus sought to harness juvenile war interests. Parents taught their offspring about battles and veterans shared their war stories to impart lessons in history, patriotism, reading, and even maths. The Army also pioneered efforts at mass education in its regimental schools and by training its personnel to teach using Bell’s monitorial system. Not every child fell prey to martial culture’s appeal, however; this chapter concludes with examples of young people who mocked, feared, or resisted servicemen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".