CuS nanosheets as additives in the hole transport layers for stable p-i-n perovskite solar cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although poly[bis(4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) amine] (PTAA) is a widely used hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells, its poor conductivity and the mismatched energy levels between PTAA and formamidinium-based perovskites increase interfacial carrier recombination and charge-transport resistance. To solve these problems, inorganic CuS nanosheets were synthesized and applied as additives in PTAA for the first time. After the addition of CuS, the conductivity of the HTL improves, and the energy levels are better aligned. In addition, perovskite growth is controlled through the interaction between CuS and PbI 2 , thus improving the quality of the perovskite films, which reduces nonradiative recombination. The addition of CuS into PTAA improved the power conversion efficiency from 21.99% to 22.92%. Moreover, both the thermal and humidity stability improved. • CuS nanosheets are synthesized and applied as additives in hole transport layers. • CuS adjusts the energy level alignment and improves the quality of perovskite. • The addition of CuS improves the device efficiency and stability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".