Calibration-free wavelength modulation spectroscopy approach for practical logging measurements of methane slip from natural gas engines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Natural gas (NG) is a potential substitute for diesel in engine applications because of its potential to reduce greenhouse gas and toxicant emissions. To maximize the benefits of NG, robust diagnostic methods are required to quantify concentration of unburned methane in the exhaust stream, without requiring frequent sensor recalibration. A wavelength modulation spectroscopy sensor has been developed to measure CH 4 slip from NG engines. The sensor uses the first-harmonic-normalized, second-harmonic (2 f /1 f ) processing method to perform long-duration, logging measurements at 20 Hz on an NG-powered marine vessel. Calibration-free 2 f /1 f measurements were shown to match calibrated 2 f /1 f measurements with an average error of 2.17% over the course of a 3 h sailing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".