Territorial claims, unclaimed people: the postcolonial geopolitics of statelessness in Sabah, Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article connects the contemporary phenomenon of statelessness among populations of Filipino descent in Sabah, Malaysia, to historical geopolitical contestations over territory, sovereignty, and nationhood in the region. Drawing on household interviews, ethnographic fieldwork, and years of civil society engagement, we argue that the possibility of citizenship pathways for these communities is conditioned by postcolonial geopolitical struggles over, more broadly, the very territorial constitution of the Malaysian and the Philippines nation-states. Inter-state diplomatic conflicts regarding sovereignty over Sabah materially trickle down through the everyday governmental practices of registration offices, consular bodies, and border security forces, producing: (1) nonviable, in a practical sense, citizenship pathways into the Philippines; and (2) legally absent citizenship pathways into Malaysia. In addition to providing an in-depth qualitative portrait of people’s lived experiences of statelessness, this article theoretically elucidates the constructivist affordances of the citizenship pathways framework.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".